Quintilian

=Quintillian 35-96 CE Roman (Spain) = Quintilian was the first chair of Latin rhetoric in the Roman public school system. By the time Quintilian was writing, rhetoric had become a school subject. //Institutes Oratoria// is the most complete treatise on rhetoric surviving from antiquity. In the text, he focuses on how eloquence is predicated upon personal virtue combined with artistic eloquence. It is hypothesized that his focus on morals in the text many explain it’s influence on Christianity. The text itself pulls together an outline of rhetorical and moral education from infancy through adulthood for any rhetor who would enter his school. Much of the material combines the work of Aristotle and Cicero into the system Quintilian was using. Throughout the text, Quintilian relies heavily on the work of Cicero to support his ideas and draws heavily from De Oratore.
 * Historians compare Cicero to Quintilian to Quintilian’s determent to illustrate the decline of rhetoric under the empires.
 * Q often cites Cicero—born 80 yrs after C’s death.
 * Excelled only in forensic oratory—//Institutio // devoted mostly to forensic

===Definition of Rhetoric === “The true orator must be the good man speaking well” (skilled in speaking) ** - ** While the wording may be original, the idea is also a theme in Plato’s Phaedrus, Isocrates’ Antidosis, and CIcero’s De Oratore

//Institutio Oratoria (c. // Quintilian’s discussion of the two kinds of questions:
 * Indefinite questions have no specific reference.
 * Definite questions have specific reference to person, place, or time.

**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What Quintilian defines as an indefinite question is the same thing that Aristotle defined as dialectic **. Also, the definite questions fit Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric. So, what we see is Quintilian merging the “counterparts” into a single theory with two separate sides.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q’s work //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Institutio Oratoria //is secondary rhetoric in many ways
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Great detail on teaching, child rearing—from the cradle onward.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Compares student/teacher to son/father (a departure from the erotic Greeks)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Book I earliest stages of rhetorician’s education. Parenting—parents should speak good Latin, have high hopes, etc
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Book II Next level of ed. Oratory should move hearers to the good.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Book III. Rehearses scholarly sources of views of rhetoric 5 parts (repeated from Cicero (invention…)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3 kinds of subject matter (panegyrical, deliberative, judicial)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3 goals for each speech (**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">inform, to move, to please **—how to compose each)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Book IV discusses invention (argument by example ala Socrates)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">VIII style (elocution)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Book IX differentiates tropes and figures (trope twisted from its original meaning, figure less twisted).
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Book X Importance of reading and writing for oratory skill (modeling)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Book XI Argument of necessity of orator being a good man—mind shaped by study of moral philosophy, civil law, history, poetry, control of impulses. **

==<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">External Sources: == <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Qunitilian on Wikipedia: @http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintilian